COMPARATIVE LINGUISTICS: PRINCIPLES, METHODS AND PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Abstract

Abstract: Comparative linguistics is an important branch of linguistics that examines similarities and differences between languages and investigates the relationships that exist among linguistic systems. It provides valuable opportunities for understanding the structural organization of languages at different levels, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, vocabulary, and semantics. The present article discusses the major principles and methodological approaches of comparative linguistics and emphasizes its significance in language teaching, translation, intercultural communication, and linguistic research. Particular attention is given to the comparison of grammatical structures, lexical systems, and semantic categories across languages. The study demonstrates that comparative analysis can reveal both universal characteristics and language-specific features. It also helps identify potential difficulties encountered by language learners when their native language and the target language differ considerably. The article concludes that comparative linguistics serves as an effective theoretical and practical framework for understanding linguistic diversity and improving communication between speakers of different languages.