YONLAMA SONAR YORDAMIDA SUV TUBIDAGI OBYEKTLARNI LOKALIZATSIYA QILISHNING MATEMATIK MODELI

Abstract

Annotatsiya. Maqolada yonlama skanerlovchi sonar yordamida suv tubidagi obyektlarni lokalizatsiya qilishning matematik modeli keltirilgan. Model qiya va yotiq masofalar orasidagi geometrik bog‘lanishni, gidroakustik tenglamani, ajratish qobiliyatini, xatoliklarning tarqalishini hamda akustik soya bo‘yicha obyekt balandligini baholashni birlashtiradi. 100 va 400 kHz tizimlar uchun sonli hisoblar chastotani oshirish masofa bo‘yicha ajratish qobiliyatini 3,7 sm dan 1,2 sm gacha yaxshilashini, ammo shovqin bilan chegaralangan aniqlash masofasini taxminan 2,4 marta qisqartirishini ko‘rsatdi. 50 m yotiq masofada signal parametrlaridan kelib chiqadigan koordinata xatoligi 1–2 sm bo‘lsa, tovush tezligidagi 10 m/s noaniqlik yolg‘iz o‘zi 0,34 m xatolik beradi; eng katta cheklov — bo‘ylama ajratish qobiliyati (50 m da 1,05 m). Kalit so‘zlar: yonlama sonar, lokalizatsiya, matematik model, gidroakustik tenglama, xatoliklar tarqalishi, akustik soya.

Abstract. Mathematical model of localization of underwater objects with a side-scan sonar. The paper presents a mathematical model for localizing objects on the seabed with a side-scan sonar. The model combines slant-range/ground-range geometry, the sonar equation, resolution relations, first-order error propagation and a shadow-based height estimate. Numerical calculations for 100 kHz and 400 kHz systems show that increasing the frequency improves range resolution from 3.7 to 1.2 cm but shortens the noise-limited detection range by a factor of about 2.4. At 50 m ground range the position error due to signal parameters is 1–2 cm, whereas a 10 m/s sound-speed uncertainty alone gives 0.34 m; the along-track resolution (1.05 m at 50 m) is the dominant limitation. Keywords: side-scan sonar, localization, mathematical model, sonar equation, error propagation, acoustic shadow.