MITIGATING COGNITIVE DISORIENTATION IN ESP COURSE DESIGN: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MULTI-METHOD ASSESSMENT AND EXPLICIT MATERIAL SCAFFOLDING.

Abstract

This paper compares Susan Bosher’s “Nursing English” and Joan Cutting’s “Airport English” to design a better ESP course. Both models start with needs analysis, but they teach differently. Bosher’s course is complex, using difficult tasks and multiple assessments to build strong student responsibility. Cutting’s course is simple and direct, using clear dialogues and grammar exercises to prepare workers quickly. By combining both styles, this paper creates a balanced ESP plan. It shows that while tough tasks promote deeper learning, clear and simple materials prevent students from feeling overwhelmed.