IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE THYROID GLAND UNDER POLYPHARMACY WITH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Keywords:
Keywords: thyroid gland, polypharmacy, immunohistochemistry, COX-2, Fas, FasL, apoptosis, inflammation.Abstract
Abstract. Immunohistochemical methods provide additional information for evaluating drug-induced changes in the thyroid gland beyond conventional histological examination. The available literature indicates that inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are important biological processes involved in structural alterations of thyroid follicular cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression has been associated with inflammatory and pathological processes in thyroid tissue, while activation of the Fas/FasL pathway may contribute to apoptosis of follicular cells. Therefore, the combined assessment of morphological changes and immunohistochemical markers may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the tissue-level effects of anti-inflammatory drug polypharmacy on the thyroid gland.
