CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN CHILDREN

Abstract

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) comprises a spectrum of structural cardiovascular anomalies resulting from disrupted embryogenesis during weeks 3 to 8 of gestation, representing one of the most prevalent classes of congenital birth defects in pediatric populations. Globally, the overall birth prevalence of CHD is estimated between 8.0 and 9.4 per 1,000 live births. Approximately 25% of these cases (2.5 per 1,000 live births) present as severe or critical structural lesions requiring urgent surgical or transcatheter intervention during early infancy.