IMMUNOGENETIC АSPECTS OF COVID-19 IN THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN
Keywords:
This clinical investigation was conducted at the Bukhara Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital (2020–2023) to evaluate the immunogenetic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19. The study cohort comprised 450 participants: 450 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Inclusion criteria for patients required age under 65 years, admission within 10 days of symptom onset, and absence of major severe chronic comorbidities.Abstract
The global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 highlighted significant inter-individual variation in disease severity, ranging from asymptomatic infection to fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and systemic hyperinflammation. Beyond classical risk factors like age and cardiovascular comorbidities, host immunogenetic architecture specifically human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene polymorphisms and cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) critically dictates susceptibility and clinical progression. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC/HLA) class I (HLA-A, HLA-B) and class II (HLA-DRB1) allele binding affinities govern early T-cell activation and viral clearance, directly influencing whether an infection remains mild or advances to pulmonary damage.
